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Insights

Notes on control, operations and market entry.

Technical writing for engineers and for the people who sell to them. No thought leadership.

The Intelligent Plant — a twelve-part industrial automation series
Series · complete, 12 parts

The Intelligent Plant

All twelve parts through industrial automation — from the 4–20 mA sensor loop to plants that run with minimal intervention. Written for students arriving on site and for engineers who have been on the floor for years.

The Intelligent Plant

The series, newest first.

Part 12 · Your path9 min

Your career in intelligent automation: the 2026 skills map

The industry is short of exactly the engineer this series has been describing.

Part 11 · The new stack9 min

Hacking a factory: OT security in the age of convergence

Every connection this series has celebrated is also an attack path. Here is the playbook.

Part 10 · The new stack8 min

The self-optimising plant: how far can autonomy go?

Six levels between manual operation and the lights-out factory, and where we honestly are.

Part 9 · The new stack9 min

Agentic AI: when the control room gets a co-pilot

From models that predict to systems that act — and the guardrails question, answered honestly.

Part 8 · The new stack9 min

AI on the plant floor: beyond the pilot purgatory

Predictive maintenance, soft sensors and anomaly detection — the use cases that actually pay.

Part 7 · The new stack8 min

Digital twins: your plant’s second life

What separates a twin from a simulation, and which of the three tiers yours is really on.

Part 6 · The new stack8 min

The automation pyramid is dying. Meet the unified namespace

Why the hottest architecture in manufacturing is basically a well-organised message broker.

Part 5 · Foundations8 min

Industrial networks: from the fieldbus wars to Ethernet everywhere

OPC UA, MQTT, TSN and private 5G — which protocol belongs at which layer.

Part 4 · Foundations9 min

PID: the 80-year-old algorithm still running industry

What P, I and D really do, and why loop variability has a direct cash value.

Part 3 · Foundations8 min

PLC, DCS, SCADA — who actually does what, and why the lines are vanishing

The three pillars of plant control, and the virtual PLC eating their boundaries.

Part 2 · Foundations8 min

Sensors, signals and the 75-year-old standard that refuses to die

From 4–20 mA to Ethernet-APL and self-diagnosing smart transmitters.

Part 1 · Foundations7 min

The invisible machines running your world

What industrial automation is, and why the ISA-95 pyramid is being redrawn.

Articles

Control, operations and market entry.

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